Stomach

Stomach is food digestive tract that is wider like bag (kantong). It is located in upper part of stomach cavity to the left, and consist of three parts that is cardiac, fundus, and pylorus.

        Digestive process in stomach happens mechanically and chemically. Mechanical digestion happens when food is stirred (teraduk-aduk) by contracting muscles, while chemical digestion happens in stomach wall that produces enzyme.

        Stomach wall produce mucilage (lendir), gastric acid (asam lambung), pepsin enzyme, and rennin enzyme.

a.   Mucilage

It has function to protect stomach wall from gastric acid.

b.  Gastric acid (HCL)

It has function to kill germ (kuman ) or bacteria that is not resist (tidak tahan) to acid, and it activates pepsinogen to be pepsin.

c.   Pepsin enzyme

It has function to break down (memecah) protein to be peptoned.

d.  Renin enzyme

It has function to coagulate (menggumpalkan) milk protein (casein). This renin enzyme is found in baby.

        The stomach wall consists of muscle that composed circularly, enlengthen, and salnting (menyerong). Contracting gastric muscle causes food is stirred uniformly (merata) with gastric acid

        In the end of stomach is found circular muscle that has function to regulate entering and exiting of food in stomach. The end of stomach that in boundary (berbatasan) with throat has circular muscle that has function to keep food in the stomach, because this muscle is inclined closed (cenderung tertutup) and opened if there is food that enters into stomach or excreted (keluar) when vomiting (muntah). Mainwhile (sedangkan), the end of stomach that is in boundary with small intestine has circular muscle called pylorus circular muscle (otot lingkar pylorus).

        The period of food stored inside stomach depends on the kinds of food. Liquid food is only a moment lies (berada) in stomach compared (dibandingkan) to  dense food (makanan padat) and rich of protein.

        The stomach wall can be hurt by movement of stomach muscle if production of its mucilage is a little amount. That hurt stomach wall will cause stomach is felt bitter if production of gastric acid is excessive (berlebih). The production of gastric acid can increase if we get depression.

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Salivary Gland/ Kelenjar Ludah

Salivary gland produces saliva (air liur) that can release because of stimulation that is stimulation smell, taste, sight (penglihatan), and mind about food. The saliva consists of water that contains mucilage (lender) and ptyalin enzyme (amylase). Because containing mucilage so saliva is dense (pekat) and slippery (licin) liquid, the ptyalin enzyme (amylase) changes food that contains carbohydrate to be simple sugar, such as glucose, maltose, and sucrose. (Do you still remember what digestion is called if that digestion is helped by enzyme?)

The saliva has function to change glucose to be simple sugar with aid (bantuan) of ptyalin enzyme, to make food wet and lubricating (melumasi) it so (agar) easily swollen (ditelan), also reduce to the risk (resiko) of mouth infection)

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MOUTH

 

Mouth is the first digestive tract that is passed by food. To help digest the food, inside the mouth cavity is found teeth, tongue, and salivary gland.

Food digestion process that changes food from rough (form big) to be smooth (small) is called mechanical digestion. While food digestion process that is helped by enzyme is called chemical digestion process.

a.   Teeth

Without the presence of teeth, we will have difficulty to eat food because the teeth have function to cut food to be small parts and smooth it so easy swallowed.

Based on the shape and function, human teeth are divided into 4 kinds, are those as follows:

1.   Incisor (Gigi seri)

Incisor has flat shaped as well as sharp and it has function to slice food.

2.   Canine (Gigi taring)

The tip of canine is sharp and it has function to torn and tear food.

3.   Premolar (Gigi geraham depan)

The shape of premolar is pitted (berlekuk-lekuk), it has function to slice and refine (melembutkan) makanan.

4.   Molar (Gigi geraham belakang)

The shape of molar is pitted; it has function to refine the food.

Teeth are formed from dentine (teeth bone) that inside are found

cavity (rongga) containing blood vessels (pembuluh darah) and nerve (saraf).

Teeth consists of several parts, among then is crown (mahkota gigi).

Crown is exposed (menonjol) part of jaw (rahang) and appears above gum (gusi). In its outer part is layered by white layer, shine, composed from crystal that contains ceratin, and has function to protect teeth bone so not easily broken. This layer called enamel (email).

        Enamel can be broken by teeth destroyer bacteria because food waste containing sugar is charged by bacteria that has acid property that solves enamel so enamel layer is broken. If enamel is broken the teeth have not something that protects from teeth destroyer bacteria so makes teeth get hole and can causes extreme pain if penetrates (menembus) the place of nerve fiber (serabut saraf).

Several methods to prevent the broken of enamel are as follows.

1.   Brushing teeth regularly after eating and before sleeping (minimally 2 times in a day) by using tooth paste that contains fluoride.

2.   Eating food that contains calcium, vitamin C, and mineral salts.

3.   Checking teeth regularly in every 6 months to the dentist.

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Human Digestive System/ Sistem pencernaan pada manusia

As organism we cannot escape from food. In order to food we consume can be digested (absorbed) by small intestine, then food must be changed formerly from complex form to simpler form. To change that food is required a system, that is digestive system.

Human digestive system consists of digestive tract (saluran pencernaan) and digestive gland (kelenjar pencernaan).

The digestive tract is digestive organs that are passed by food. Digestive tract enlengthens (memanjang) from mouth until anus. Digestive tract involves the mouth, throat, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

The digestive gland is part that produces enzyme that is required to help digesting food. The digestive gland involves salivary gland(kelenjar ludah), stomach, liver, and pancreas.

The food we eat, first enters into the mouth, then become smooth because it is chewed (dikunyah) by teeth and helped by salivary gland. After smooth can be swallowed (ditelan) fast through lower part of larynx and throat. The swallowed food is collected in the stomach and mixed with gastric juice(getah lambung), so it becomes liquid like oatmeal(bubur). Then the oatmeal food porridge is little by little outer into small intestine.

From the small intestine then enters to the large intestine. In the large intestine food waste that cannot be digested anymore becomes dense because the water is absorbed back by wall of large intestine. Then the food waste arrives to intestinal axis and finally ended in anus. Finally food waste will be discharged (dikeluarkan).

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Penelitian Ilmiah

Manusia adalah makhluk ciptaan Tuhan yang paling sempurna karena dibekali akal budi sehingga dapat mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan. Tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi bahwa ilmu pengetahuan telah mengubah kehidupan manusia dari kehidupan primitip di jaman batu menjadi kehidupan super modern di jaman computer ini. Ilmu pengetahuan tentang makhluk hidup atau biologi juga telah mencapai perkembangan jaman yang luar biasa karena telah mampu mempelajari substansi kehidupan sampai ke tingkah molekuler.

Bagaimana manusia dapat mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan? Hal ini disebabkan karena sifat ingin tahu yang dimiliki manusia. Akan tetapi rasa ingin tahu saja tidak cukup untuk dapat memperoleh dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan. Untuk dapat memperoleh dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan diperlukan kerja keras serta ketekunan. Disamping itu, juga di perlukan cara kerja atau metode yang tersusun secara sistematis.

Para ilmuwan besar biologi seperti Pasteur, Darwin, Linnaeus, Mendel, Watson, dan Chrick dan masih banyak lagi, adalah orang-orang yang senantiasa bekerja keras. Mereka selalu melakukan penelitian untuk mengembangkan ilmunya. Untuk itu, kita juga harus mulai berlatih dari sekarang untuk menjadi pengembang dan penemu ilmu pengetahuan.

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Asma

Di pelajaran kelas 2 SMP,

kita sudah mempelajari tentang Sistem Pernapasan pada manusia.

Sistem pernapasan dapat mengalami kelainan atau gangguan pada organ penyusun sistem pernapasan tersebut.

Pada artikel ini,

kita akan membahas secara dalam tentang "penyakit Asma".

Asma adalah suatu keadaan di mana saluran nafas mengalami penyempitan karena adanya respon yang berlebih terhadap rangsangan tertentu dan menyebabkan peradangan, namun penyempitan ini bersifat sementara. 

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Tentang Mie Instan

MIE INSTAN [Fakta, No HOAX!!]

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Mungkin sudah banyak thread yang membahas tentang Mie Instan.
Tapi Ane sedih , karena banyak keterangan yang begitu saja diutarakan tanpa memiliki dasar (dan tentunya tidak ilmiah --> HOAX!! ).
Jadi, sebagai orang yg belajar tentang pangan, ane mau berbagi info yang benar tentang Mie Instan .
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SPERMA

Berikut ini adalah bagian-bagian dari sperma: 

Pada bagian kepala spermatozoon ini, terdapat inti tebal dengan sedikit sitoplasma yang diselubungi oleh selubung tebal dan terdapat 23 kromosom dari sel ayah. Selubung tebal yang dimaksud adalah akrosom, fungsi dari akrosom adalah untuk melindungi, juga menghasilkan enzim.

2. Bagian Badan 

Terdapat sebuah mitokondria berbentuk spiral dan berukuran besar, berfungsi sebagai penyedia ATP/ energi untuk pergerakan ekor. 

3. Bagian Ekor 

Pada bagian ekor sperma yang cukup panjang terdapat Axial Filament pada bagian dalam,& membran plasma dibagian luar yang berfungsi untuk pergerakan sperma Berupa flagella untuk pergerakan spermatozoon.  Bagian ini mengandung sedikit sekali sitoplasma dan mengandung rangka poros yang disebut aksonema.

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Hindari Tidur Menggunakan AC

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Sebuah hasil penelitian di Singapura menunjukkan, bahwa tidur dengan menyalakan AC di malam hari, dan menutup rapat semua jendela, dapat menyebabkan tidak bersemangat setelah bangun. Hal ini dikemukakan oleh Lektor Fakultas Teknik Universitas Nasional Singapura Wang Nuoxian yang telah menghabiskan waktu selama 2 tahun untuk meneliti kebiasaan tidur 300 warga Singapura.

Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan, bahwasannya ketika sejumlah besar orang menyalakan AC, terbiasa menutup rapat jendela, dengan maksud menghemat listrik, namun itu justru bisa mengakibatkan akumulasi karbon dioksida ke dalam ruangan, menyebabkan kepala mereka pusing berdenyut ketika bangun pagi, dan tidak bersemangat.

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10 Cara Hindari Keracunan Makanan

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Ada beberapa jenis sakit yang disebabkan keracunan makanan. Kadang kita tak pernah tahu bagaimana mulanya, tapi setelah menyantap makanan baru menyadari kalau telah keracunan. Sebenarnya ada beberapa cara terbaik untuk menghindari sakit akibat keracunan makanan seperti ini.


1. Cuci tangan dengan bersih sebelum mengolah atau menyantap makanan. Cuci tangan ini khususnya sangat penting setelah Anda memegang binatang atau organik, seperti binatang peliharaan atau mencuci binatang.

2. Pastikan segala peralatan yang digunakan untuk memotong, pisau, peralatan memasak dan semua peralatan untuk meletakkan makanan disterilkan dengan sabun anti bakteri.

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